Dinâmicas socioeconômicas e sua contribuição para a epidemiologia das arboviroses em ambientes urbanos brasileiros

Socioeconomic dynamics and their contribution to the epidemiology of arboviruses in urban environments in brazil

Abstract

Arboviruses, diseases transmitted by arthropods like the Aedes aegypti mosquito, are an increasing challenge to public health, which are intensified by environmental and social changes. Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever are diseases that strongly impact the population, especially in vulnerable urban areas. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine the socioeconomic factors influencing the emergence and spread of these arboviruses in Brazil, seeking patterns that explain epidemiological behavior. Methodology: The research was conducted through an integrative literature review organized into five stages, including searches in academic databases and the selection of relevant studies. Inclusion criteria focused on the relationship between socioeconomic factors and arboviruses in urban areas of Brazil. Results: Socioeconomic factors that favors the spread of diseases were identified, such as inequality, low income, disordered urbanization, and lack of infrastructure. In contrast, higher levels of education and access to basic services contribute to protection. The analysis showed that urban areas with high population density and poor sanitation conditions are more susceptible to the proliferation of Aedes aegypti. Conclusion: Socioeconomic factors are determinants in the dynamics of arboviruses in Brazilian cities. Public policies that improve infrastructure and reduce social inequalities are essential to control these diseases, also considering climatic variables that affect transmission. Therefore, an integrated approach is necessary to address the challenges of arboviruses.